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VR Game Ties Depression To Brain Area

Posted by Zonk on Thu Mar 01, 2007 05:47 PM
from the get-out-of-my-head dept.
An anonymous reader writes "Science Daily is reporting that scientists are using a VR videogame that challenges spatial memory as a new tool to map out depression in the brain. 'Spatial memory' is how you orient yourself in space and remember how to get to places in the outside world. Researchers have found that depressed people performed poorly on the video game compared, suggesting that their hippocampi (where spatial memory is based) were not working properly."
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  • by biocute (936687) on Thursday March 01 2007, @05:50PM (#18200346) Homepage
    Except some people got into depression after being constantly sworn at, TKed and ambushed at spawn point.
    • by Eberlin (570874) on Thursday March 01 2007, @06:13PM (#18200674) Homepage
      d34r pwn3d d00d,

      j00 h4v3 n0 r16h7 2 1iv3 n3m0r3 c0z u 5ux0rz. P1z b3 r37urn1n6 2 ur 5p4wn p01n7 s0 1 c4n fr4g ur 5ry 455 s0m3 m0r3. lol, 1uz3r th0u6h7 h3 w4s 1337! pwn3d!

      Now I'm not sure which is more depressing -- the dude who gets spawncamped or the fact that I just went 1337speak for a few lines. If you need me, I'll be sulking in the corner with Marvin. If I can FIND the corner. I'm SO depressed.
      • d34r pwn3d d00d,

        j00 h4v3 n0 r16h7 2 1iv3 n3m0r3 c0z u 5ux0rz. P1z b3 r37urn1n6 2 ur 5p4wn p01n7 s0 1 c4n fr4g ur 5ry 455 s0m3 m0r3. lol, 1uz3r th0u6h7 h3 w4s 1337! pwn3d!

        Translation to english for those that do not speak "1337":

        Dear owned dude,

        You have no right to live anymore because you suck. Please return to your spawn point so I can frag your sorry ass some more. Lol, loser thougth he was leet! Owned!

        Now I'm not sure which is more depressing -- the dude who speaks leet in 2007 or the fact t

  • ...And for all of you who have really boring classes:

    "Teacher, I'm feeling depressed! Can I go play video games?"

    • by spun (1352) <loverevolutionary&yahoo,com> on Thursday March 01 2007, @05:56PM (#18200458) Journal
      Can't even be bothered to read the summary, eh? The research used a video game to find out that depressed people are bad at spatial memory. It did not show that playing video games cures depression.
      • I would read the article, but I found the summary too depressing... sigh

      • But there have also been studies that tie video game playing to increased abilities in map reading and spatial perception.


        Frankly, I think the whole thing's off. I'm constantly depressed and frequently drink myself into a stupor, only to wake up the next day having miraculously made it back to my apartment/hotel/whatever with absolutely no memory of how I got there. Kidneys intact, no less.

      • Ha ha. You just posted on Slashdot proving you're clueless.
        • Ha ha. You just posted on Slashdot proving you're clueless.

                Then I guess that makes three of us?
      • Can't even be bothered to read the summary, eh? The research used a video game to find out that depressed people are bad at spatial memory. It did not show that playing video games cures depression.

        The summary, hell, the title of the entry is "VR Game Ties Depression To Brain Area," he obviously didn't even read that.

  • by Nalanthi (599605) <(mocc.loa) (ta) (558retnuhb)> on Thursday March 01 2007, @05:51PM (#18200376)
    When I get depressed it seems to have no effect on my ability to play FPS games and navigate the maps. Many of my friends marvel at my ability to play a map once and have my routes down. Indeed, much or my experience playing these games was while not attending class due to depression.
    • Re: (Score:2, Funny)

      by Anonymous Coward
      The connection seems not to be borne out in reality, after all, if depression made people unable to navigate, how would emo people find their corner to cry in?
        • I used to be despressed all the time, and like you, I could never get my shit together.

          The solution? Just forget all about yourself for a while, and make it a goal to never end a day before all that should be done is done.
          Now I' more or less always one hour ahead of my schedule. I try to fill much of my spare time with creativity, and I feel better than i have in a long time.
          You could to, it just comes down to realizing that the only way to be happy is to stop caring about beeing happy for a while, and inst
          • by cmarkn (31706) on Friday March 02 2007, @02:54PM (#18210658)

            I used to be despressed[sic] all the time


            Perhaps you were wasted all the time, but you know nothing about depression. Depression is a disease, not a choice. Do you tell people with diabetes "just forget all about yourself for a while"? No, you tell them to watch what they eat and take their medicine. That is the same thing you should tell people with depression. It is ignorant blather like this that makes depressed people turn suicidal.

            So pretend you have your shit together, as you claim, and only offer your opinions on matters you actually know something about. That way, you won't be killing people with your ignorance.

  • Could it be.... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by ArcherB (796902) * on Thursday March 01 2007, @05:55PM (#18200434) Journal
    Researchers have found that depressed people performed poorly on the video game...

    Maybe they just don't give a shit!

    "Oh, why bother."
    • by Moraelin (679338) on Thursday March 01 2007, @06:51PM (#18201080) Journal
      That's what I was wondering too. This whole experiment reminds me of a joke: a scientists puts a flea under on a piece of paper and shouts "JUMP!". The flea jumps. The scientist cuts the flea's legs, puts it back on the same piece of paper and shouts "JUMP!" The flea doesn't jump. The scientist concludes, "When you cut a flea's legs, it become deaf."

      And here's why:

      1. I'm guessing they didn't take experienced FPS players, but people who had to get past a learning curve. Some probably not even interested in that game, or that kind of game in the first place. I.e., people for whom it was basically work, and who had to learn for that work. I can tell you first hand that being depressed and/or demotivated can impact both work and learning _majorly_.

      Sorry, every game has a learning curve, even some you'd think are the most intuitive things and made by the greatest designers. Yet get a non-gamer at the keyboard and you might get an enlightening experience. We've had decades of getting the basic notions and reflexes hammered into our heads, they didn't. Someone else once compared it to a "game grammar". We know it, and even tutorials assume that we already know it. Non-gamers have to learn it from scratch.

      I'd expect the problems to be worse in some game designed by psychologists with zero game design background.

      So, at any rate, they're asking those people not only to play a game, but likely for most of them it's asking them to learn how to play an experimental game. And it'll be a lot of learning, and a lot of concentration and learning involved. In some cases it will take a lot of willpower to get past that learning curve, if it gets into the frustrating range.

      Do I expect someone in their darkest depression to make that effort and muster the concentration? Nope. "Oh, why bother." is pretty much the attitude I'd expect there.

      2. It's also worth mentioning that depression isn't just some abstract mood, but brings with it a lot of bad thoughts. It's not just some abstract mood indicator, but a shit-coloured set of glasses that tints (and taints) all perceptions, experiences and expectations. (Including those about the games, but also RL stuff.) So those people are not just abstractly "depressed", but people who've had a heck of a lot of bad and depressing experiences lately, and got disappointed a lot lately, by sheer virtue of that depression tainting their perceptions of it all. They'll tend to think about it a lot.

      So if the spatial orientation game requires lots of memorizing routes and such, there'll be inherently less mental power available for that. Where a "normal" person might think "ah-ha, I have to go through the corridor on the left to get back", the depressed one may well be thinking "what a piece of crap, I bet I'll get passed for promotion again, and I bet everyone is gossipping about me behind my back too. Why the heck do I even bother? I might as well kill myself now."

      Even if they might take refuge in gaming, they'll require a game that can basically turn off those thoughts, or thinking completely. Something which is simple and captivating, and doesn't require much thinking. Definitely not something which requires complex thought on its own.

      3. Or, if you will, 2b: motivation. Remember that we're talking people which are already depressed and tend to perceive everything as worse than it already is, including any goals and rewards in the game, and including the payoff of any long term plan. So if the game isn't immediately rewarding and fun, their motivation will sink much faster than everyone else's. If you make them do something as boring and pointless as just jumping and running through a maze, it will just be perceived as even more boring and pointless. If it requires long term memorizing and planning, the distant reward for it better be extremely worth it, or since it'll be perceived as (A) less of a reward, and (B) as a plan likely to fail anyway. And if that perception drops below a certain point, they'll be too demotivated to try h
      • by dfedfe (980539) on Thursday March 01 2007, @07:05PM (#18201210)
        Based on the paper at http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/1 64/3/516 [psychiatryonline.org] I can sort of address these points..
        (all quotes are from the paper)

        1. Correct, no experienced FPS players: "Given a likely relationship between familiarity with video games and the outcome measure, individuals reporting high expertise in video games were excluded"

        I am probably not free to copy the whole paragraph about the program, but here's the gist: The program was a virtual reality town. On day 1 subjects got 20 minutes of orientation then 30 minutes navigating around the town to destinations selected by the computer. Their ability to find specific locations was then tested, and if they didn't perform well they got 30 more minutes of practice.
        Three days later they got 20 minutes to get used to the program again. Two to four hours later their memory of locations in the town was tested (they were tasked to navigate to a new set of locations, different from the specific destinations used on day 1).

        Keep in mind this is not a game (despite ./'s title), it is just a virtual navigation task. They don't say, but I expect it was just using arrow keys to move around the virtual town. Not much learning curve.

        2. They didn't have to memorize many routes. The whole virtual city (from the figure they show) is basically a big, curved X shape with maybe 2-3 other side roads in total. They just had to learn the basic set up of the town so they could go back to a location when asked to.

        Regarding the "less mental power", the depressed subjects performed just as well as healthy controls on a spatial working memory task. The distinction is important: the game task tests navigation memory learned over more or less 2-3 days (plus the short refresher on the day of testing), working memory involves manipulating things online. If anything, the latter is probably more challenging (I could be wrong, though, I haven't done the two tasks myself).

        3. I dunno, 30 minutes of testing doesn't seem like long enough to really reduce motivation. They must be somewhat motivated in the first place, though, to even show up for the two days of testing.
        • Still, I'm talking from experience. I've been through an episode of depression and demotivation, and I've been known to throw games away in half an hour because I couldn't be arsed to even learn stuff like using the handbrake in an arcade racing game. I can assure you that 30 minutes is _plenty_ to lose motivation in that situation. And 2-3 days is plenty to have your mind occupied with other things, instead of the route you learned yesterday.

          Regarding "less mental power", that was maybe the wrong word, but
        • I am probably not free to copy the whole paragraph about the program, but here's the gist

          Dude, you're on the internet, you can do anything. Just make sure to tick the 'post anonymously' box.

          (Perhaps what I should have done right now, but whatever)
      • It's a spatial test, nothing more. It's not a game at all.

        People who perform poorly in spatial tests may have a problem with the hippocampus.
        People who suffer from depression* have problems with the hippocampus.

        *not being depressed about something, but suffering from depression.

        • I a sense, when you suffer from depression, you're also automatically depressed about something or about a lot of somethings. As I was saying, depression isn't something that stays isolated, like say a bruise or an abcess. It taints your very perception, experiences and expectations of the world and the events around you. It's, if you will, more like being colour blind: everything you see around you is changed by that condition, and different from what a normal person sees. So events and situations which to
    • Spatial memory is probably like the rest of the brain--exercising it helps. How frequently do these depressed folk explore new areas? As in, new physical locations? Compare that to a control group.
  • Here's the abstract (Score:5, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward on Thursday March 01 2007, @05:55PM (#18200440)

    The actual research was published in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Here's the abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: Findings on spatial memory in depression have been inconsistent. A navigation task based on virtual reality may provide a more sensitive and consistent measure of the hippocampal-related spatial memory deficits associated with depression. METHOD: Performance on a novel virtual reality navigation task and a traditional measure of spatial memory was assessed in 30 depressed patients (unipolar and bipolar) and 19 normal comparison subjects. RESULTS: Depressed patients performed significantly worse than comparison subjects on the virtual reality task, as assessed by the number of locations found in the virtual town. Between-group differences were not detected on the traditional measure. The navigation task showed high test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS: Depressed patients performed worse than healthy subjects on a novel spatial memory task. Virtual reality navigation may provide a consistent, sensitive measure of cognitive deficits in patients with affective disorders, representing a mechanism to study a putative endophenotype for hippocampal function.
  • yep (Score:4, Funny)

    by User 956 (568564) on Thursday March 01 2007, @05:56PM (#18200462) Homepage
    'Spatial memory' is how you orient yourself in space and remember how to get to places in the outside world. Researchers have found that depressed people performed poorly

    That's because in space, nobody can hear you scream.
    • > > 'Spatial memory' is how you orient yourself in space and remember how to get to places in the outside world. Researchers have found that depressed people performed poorly

      Thanks to time travel, am now 37 times older than the Universe itself. Thanks to having a brain the size of the planet, I remember every place I've been in space. Spatial awareness hasn't helped me one bit.

      Would you like to hear about how long I spent in the car park at Milliway's? (The first ten million years were the wo

    • That's because in space, nobody can hear you scream.

            But look on the bright side: In space, you can't hear anybody scream...
  • Well, duh.. (Score:3, Insightful)

    by hindumagic (232591) on Thursday March 01 2007, @05:57PM (#18200476)
    I'm sure that most people have noticed that they don't seem to do as well when they're feeling down. I would try to cheer up by playing a game, but my gameplay would suck, which would further reinforce my annoyed, crappy feeling. A vicious circle.

    And the opposite works for me as well - if I'm feeling positive and happy, my perception is that I'm doing better than usual. It's been a while now since I don't play games that often anymore, but I'm pretty sure that it wasn't just my perception, and that I really would do better. Better reaction times, faster decisions, and better outcomes.
  • It seems important to make clear that it is most likely the depression which is causing the measured effect here. This is likely, as Depression generally affects a person's ability to fully perform a variety of tasks. This research seems only to confirm that notion.
  • by grassy_knoll (412409) on Thursday March 01 2007, @06:06PM (#18200576) Homepage
    From TFA:

    Thus, the video game is a more revealing measure of spatial memory and a more sensitive measure of hippocampal dysfunction -- a more powerful tool for exploring the link between the hippocampus and depression. It may one day be a tool for detecting hippocampus deficits in depressed patients.


    Emphasis mine.

    I'd like to see an objective rather than subjective test for depression.

    If nothing else, an objective test would be useful in convincing potential patients ( and those who care about them ) that the potential patient has depression, rather than just "feels bad" [1]. The results of, say, a blood test vs. the responses on a questionnaire.

    This seems like a step in the right direction, but also still seems subjective.

    [1] Yes, I know severe depression looks a lot worse than someone who just "feels bad", but if someone is spending hours/days in the fetal position crying, that's kind of a hint. Thinking of detecting depression before it gets that bad.
    • I'd like to see an objective rather than subjective test for depression

      Well the problem here is that we are talking about a condition that is defined by subjective feelings. If I have some objective measure that you are depressed, but you say that you feel great, how could I be right? Also, it's much cheaper and faster to ask you how you feel rather than to perform an MRI .

      Also, while depression appears to be associated with hippocampal deficit, hippocampal problems could occur for a variety of reason

      • Also, it's much cheaper and faster to ask you how you feel rather than to perform an MRI

        Oh I agree, and as you point out a hippocampal deficit does not necessarily indicate depression.

        However, perhaps you might agree that a survey isn't the most precise tool for diagnosing an illness?

        After all, as others have pointed out, a person with depression might not answer the survey honestly ( ex: meh... I don't care, so I'll tell them what they want to hear so they'll leave me alone ).

        Something like a blood test wo

          • What makes you think that your vaguely described experience ("drop out from the psych world" means what?) and your acknowledged absence from the field for decades gives you any sort of authority?
    • If nothing else, an objective test would be useful in convincing potential patients ( and those who care about them ) that the potential patient has depression

      Indeed, this is one of the major problems with all mental disorders. It results in a combination of over-diagnosis by incompetent or greedy doctors, self-diagnosis by internet hypochondriacs, parents that want "stable" children, and legitimately ill people that are told to "snap out of it" by family and friends. In all it makes a mess of the mental
        • Here are the DSM IV criteria...

          Oh, I'm quite familiar with them :(

          I think the DSM, as the basis of diagnosis is illustrative of the problem I was talking about. It's accurate in proportion to the skill of the observer; the most objective criteria tend to be the least indicative, and the most indicative are most subjective. The latter especially means that they can easily be denied, ignored, or even faked by a patient, and easily overlooked by family and friends.

          It's not really a knock against the DSM as a
  • Maybe their game can detect depression, but by posting an article about a videogame on Slashdot and not including a download link (or at least a vendor), you're gonna *cause* angst and depression!

    <whine>I wanna plaaaaaay!</whine>
  • Researchers have found that depressed people performed poorly on the video game compared, suggesting that their hippocampi (where spatial memory is based) were not working properly."

          Hello??? People with depression perform poorly at JUST ABOUT EVERYTHING. I call BS...
    • from the article:
      "Earlier studies showed that people with mood disorders tend to have smaller hippocampi than nondepressed people. Other studies showed that depressed people have memory problems. This study strengthened the evidence of a link between the hippocampus and depression by showing that people with hippocampus dysfunction -- as revealed by spatial memory problems detected by the new video game -- are more likely to be depressed."

      the video game helps determine if they have a problem with spatial me
  • by spectecjr (31235) on Thursday March 01 2007, @06:28PM (#18200824) Homepage
    The hippocampus doesn't only handle spatial memory... it's also the store for contextual memory. (It takes longer to develop than the amygdyla, which is why most people don't remember much of their early childhood years). Given that most depression / psychological problems that aren't hardware in nature appear to be due to a mismatch between contextual memory and the limbic brain's emotional memory that the brain needs to learn to resolve, maybe this isn't much of a surprise.

    Although it might explain why eye movement can be used in therapy to reprogram people's responses to trauma.
  • This story is really depressing. I think I'll go cap some noobs.

    Damn, I missed.
  • I actually came to this conclusion the other day, after performing exceptionally poorly at Day of Defeat. I realized that this was a pattern with me - that when I'm depressed, I just don't do as well. And I also realized why. I wasn't concentrating on the game. I was instead thinking about the things that were making me depressed in the first place. Stress at home, stress from work, feelings of helplessness, all that stuff. The internal running commentary that says "you suck, you wanker" that gets turned on
  • Being depressed, and discouraged, they didn't give a fuck about playing well.
  • Maybe they just didn't feel like playing video games?
  • >Researchers have found that depressed people performed poorly on the video game compared,
    >suggesting that their hippocampi (where spatial memory is based) were not working properly."

    I think it suggests they were so depressed they didn't give a shit about playing the game. :)

    Steve
    • I'm damn good at it and I would consider my spacial thinking skills to be above average.

            Says the Devil's advocate: Ahh, but just think how good you would be if you weren't depressed! :-)
    • OK, if you wanted to mod that "offtopic" or whatever, I could understand. But how exactly is a Lawnmower Man reference "redundant" in a story about VR?