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PlayStation (Games) Entertainment Games

Playstation 2 Linux Cluster at NCSA 249

Mr. Spock writes "The National Center for Supercomputing Applications is looking at scientific computing on the Sony Playstation 2. They've set up a cluster with 65 compute nodes. They're running Linux for Playstation 2. What will they think of next?"
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Playstation 2 Linux Cluster at NCSA

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  • More info (Score:5, Informative)

    by cascino ( 454769 ) * on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:03PM (#6028537) Homepage
    More info on the processing power of the PS2 as applied to computational chemistry. [uiuc.edu]
    Basically, this study shows the PS2 has roughly the computational linear algebra power of a PIII-600 (the then fastest processor on the market).
    • Quote from the parent's article: Furthermore, the GNU compilers we used do not employ the vector units on the Emotion Engine processor.

      I would suspect this particular cluster would bypass these benchmarks dramatically, because they are making use of the most powerful unit in the system.
    • Re:More info (Score:4, Interesting)

      by jean-guy69 ( 445459 ) on Saturday May 24, 2003 @03:45AM (#6029828)
      ahem... not exactly if you read carefully:

      45MFLOPS, which is better than the 36MFLOPS obtained for the Intel machine using assembler that has been heavily optimized. If anything, this performance estimate is conservative in favor of the PS2, because our primary goal was a working assembly dot product in macromode and we have made no attempt to optimize the code. For example, our code uses only three of the VPU registers, and a speedup of up to 4x (the latency of the floating point multiply instruction) may be obtained by using all of the available registers.


      so, using *unoptimized* ASM on PS2, PS2 is 25% faster that the intel machine using *heavily optimized* ASM.. and optimizing code would probably earn BIG performance gains (400% !?) on the PS2.

      taking the sentence the the letter there is a potential of 500 % the speed of the PIII 600 on the PS2 for this particular calculation.
  • Wow! (Score:5, Funny)

    by d3kk ( 644538 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:03PM (#6028538) Journal
    Imagine a cluster of...

    Oh.
  • imagine.. (Score:5, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:04PM (#6028543)
    imagine two thirds of the comments mentioning a beowulf cluster of something!

    oh wait..
  • Well. (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Pres. Ronald Reagan ( 659566 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:06PM (#6028550)
    This seems like a fairly expensive way to make a cluster. $200 for each PS2 and $200 for each Linux kit? That comes out to $26,000. You could buy computers with more RAM and faster processors (than a 400MHz MIPS) for about the same amount.
    • Judging from the abstract [nsf.gov] it looks like they plan to take advantage of the PS2's ability to handle graphics. I doubt if you could get a PC that could handle graphics as well as a PS2 for under $400.
    • Re:Well. (Score:5, Insightful)

      by htmlboy ( 31265 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:46PM (#6028747)
      This seems like a fairly expensive way to make a cluster. $200 for each PS2 and $200 for each Linux kit? That comes out to $26,000. You could buy computers with more RAM and faster processors (than a 400MHz MIPS) for about the same amount.

      the benefit comes with problems that can be highly optimized to work on the ps2's vector processor. for pure vector operation, the graphics system in the ps2 provides better bang for the buck than chips with less specific capabilities. it doesn't do much, but what it does, it does it pretty quickly.
    • Re:Well. (Score:3, Interesting)

      by Henry Stern ( 30869 )
      US$26k for a cluster is DIRT cheap. The prof next door to my supervisor made a 32-node Xeon cluster last year for a modest $125k by using commodity parts, an extraordinary feat of frugality. Most new clusters used for scientific computing cost US$500k or more.

      Unfortunately for me, the kind of work that I like to do does not easily fit into a node with only 32MB of memory. This rules out any excuse I could have to apply for a grant to build a desk out of a cluster of PS2s. ;)
  • damn you! (Score:3, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:07PM (#6028557)
    What do we have left to imagine _now_?
  • Is this legal? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by BitterOak ( 537666 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:07PM (#6028560)
    I know Microsoft claims XBox modding is a DMCA violation. Is any modding necessary to put Linux on the PS2?

    If so, this could be a great DMCA test case, since NCSA is a respectable organization, and would present a much more sympathetic case in court. Even if they don't go after NCSA, others could use it as an example.

    XBox modders, for instance, claiming substantial non-infringing uses could point to the NCSA PS2 cluster as an example.

    • Sony themselves sell the kit. No problem.
      (Then again, I suppose Sony has been known to sue itself in the past...)
    • Re:Is this legal? (Score:5, Informative)

      by JohnCub ( 56178 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:13PM (#6028597)
      Sony sells the linux kit for ps2. So I'm guessing they are saying it is ok to put linux on your ps2.

      http://www.us.playstation.com/hardware/more/SCPH -9 7047.asp
      Linux (for PlayStation®2)

      The Linux kit (for PlayStation 2) allows you to use the versatility of the GNU Linux operating system with the power of your PlayStation®2 computer entertainment system as a fully functional desktop computer!

      • The Linux Kit (for PlayStation 2) includes:
      • Linux Kit (for PlayStation 2) release 1.0 software
      • Monitor Cable Adaptor (for PlayStation 2) (with Audio Connectors)
      • Internal Hard Disk Drive (40 GB) (for PlayStation 2)
      • Network Adaptor (Ethernet) (for PlayStation 2) [10/100 Base-T]
      • USB Keyboard (for PlayStation 2) & USB Mouse (for PlayStation 2)


      ~$200
  • by dfn5 ( 524972 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:10PM (#6028575) Journal
    the nodes started competing with each other and yelling "w00t w00t". In the end no work got done.
  • by valisk ( 622262 ) * on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:11PM (#6028585) Homepage Journal
    Seems like a nice use for the playstation2 and rather nice of Sony to provide a Linux kit for the machine, it is a bit expensive though but I imagine it is quite a bit cheaper than a cluster of comprable SGI Mips boxes. In fact it wouldn't surprise me to find out that this cluster cost less than a single SGI Workstation.
    Looks like cash strapped science labs all around the world may soon be rolling in CPU cycles on a failover cluster built of Kids game consoles and Linux, and the heavy duty workstation manufacturers will see their stock slip even further.

  • by muon1183 ( 587316 ) <(muon1183) (at) (gmail.com)> on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:13PM (#6028590) Homepage
    This reminds me of an episode of one of the cartoons I read. Written by a Nuclear Engineering PhD at Berkeley, the strip is quite funny. Here is the one this reminds me of [nukees.com].
  • by questamor ( 653018 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:14PM (#6028601)
    What will they think of next?

    Probably clusters of just about any cheap all-identical hardware. It seems to suit the concept of clustering well. Sony have already done all the marketing and hardware price cutting to get the machines out there and used, while subsidising that cost with the games they sell. They'll only get cheaper. On top of that, they're identical systems that'll stay pretty much the same for the next 2-3 years. Good for spares in the future when three of your boxes have worn out, and the pet rat belonging to professor sieslak upstairs has pissed in two.

    Sounds good to me!
  • Next step (Score:2, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward
    Perhaps they got this idea from Slashdot. Then it's easy to predict what they will do with their cluster. They will render a picture of Natali Portman, naked and petrified.
  • by StandardCell ( 589682 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:16PM (#6028610)
    ...but a group from UIUC [uiuc.edu] says:
    We have also investigated the impact of vector size on performance. The EE processor is tailor-made for 4-element vectors, so one could expect performance degradation for longer vectors. In fact, the opposite is found - a consequence of the pipelining built into the VPU. Performance improvement stops once the vectors reach length 16, consistent with the rather shallow pipelines used in the VPU. In Figure 5, we compare the performance of the PIII-600 and Playstation 2 for 32-element single-precision vector dot products. The absolute performance for smaller datasets now tops 150MFLOPS for both the EE and PIII processors. Curiously, one sees a performance hit on the EE once the dataset exceeds 5 million vectors. This is almost certainly a consequence of the small amount of memory available on the PS2.
    So, I have two question:

    1. What are the performance stats of the cluster in the /. story?

    2. Why would you bother when you could use current commodity hardware for much less? I mean, a P3-600 is interesting, but you could probably drop some Duron 1.4s with a basic mobo and 256MB RAM for less out the door than a PS2. (Note: I'm only asking, please clarify if you have a better idea of what's going on).
    • by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:31PM (#6028684)
      Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • by bobbozzo ( 622815 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:57PM (#6028790)
      1. What are the performance stats of the cluster in the /. story?

      320 MFlops on matrix ops. Not great, but they say it's capable of 900 if they can feed the VPU fast enough. They think they can use additional existing hardware in the CPU to increase memory performance.

      2. Why would you bother when you could use current commodity hardware for much less? I mean, a P3-600 is interesting, but you could probably drop some Duron 1.4s with a basic mobo and 256MB RAM for less out the door than a PS2.

      Maybe. Wal-Mart sells Durons (with Lindows) for $199 complete, sans monitor.

      But, apparently PS2's are under $100 according to another poster.

      ISTM that they may be spending a lot of time figuring out how to optimize code for the PS2 though.

  • Playstation 2 Linux (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:17PM (#6028611)

    Apparantly this runs on Sony's own version of Linux

    See more about it here: http://playstation2-linux.com/ [playstation2-linux.com]

    Maybe an XBox port in the future? :)

    • Xbox Port (Score:2, Informative)

      by Anonymous Coward
      Not a chance. Playstation 2 linux is designed for the MIPS architecture; the Xbox has a good old-fashioned x86 under the hood.

      Also, Sony's linux distribution for the PS2 is based on a 2.2.1 kernel (old old old!), XFree 3.3.6 (again, quite old), gcc 2.95 (somewhat out of date, though plenty of systems still use it). The FAQ here [playstation2-linux.com] says that the software is only slightly more recent than the software included with Redhat 6.2.

      In short, there's nothing worth porting when you can get all of the Debian goodness f
  • Are PS2s more cost effective than other competitors? eg cheap x86 linux boxes.

    Surely Walmart PCs must give more bang for the buck, but are PS2s going to be more stable? What do you guys think??

    Arc
  • by SpikeSpiff ( 598510 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:27PM (#6028661) Journal
    The issue with using game hardware, especially "older" platforms, is that the price can not come down as fast as overall computing performance can increase.

    This means that the cheapness of stable platforms can not compete with innovative platforms.

    The real question is whether the administration and maintentance benefits of a homogenous and stable platform outweigh the higher cost of processing power.

    I suspect that we will see a step function between rapidly and smoothly improving Dell boxes and occassional huge leaps on game platforms.

  • by Samir Gupta ( 623651 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:27PM (#6028664) Homepage
    At Nintendo, we've been excited about clustering applications of game consoles as well, and we've pursued a active program of research within our company.

    Internally, we've experimented with large clusters of GameCubes to handle applications such as online games where various game entities in the universe can be logically decomposed into discrete units and processes running on each node of the cluster. This provides a more natural and robust organization to the traditinal setup of a few massive servers, since if one server crashes, it may bring down large parts of the game universe. In our setup, if a node fails, it might affect one NPC at worst, which another node will take over in due time.

    While our investigation has targetted the needs of games in mind, I'm excited about using them for sheer computation, since the cost/MIPS of a game console is far less than traditional mainframe, supercomputing, or even PC platforms, and we are in preliminary talks with some large Japanese universities to experiment with using the GameCube as a compute unit.

    While I must admit I'm sort of biased :-), we believe that our GameCube makes a superior clustering platform compared to the PS2, computationally (higher CPU speed), physically (its smaller size and form factor, less heat dissapation) and financially (lower unit cost).

    Our future game consoles will likely support clustering "out of the box", with expansion as easy as hooking them together, allowing games, such as FPSes, or AI-heavy games like the Sim* series, to seamlessly evolve with the greater "virtual" CPU and memory resources that a cluster provides.

    • The key thing with the PS2 is that Sony provides a Linux implementation, enabling one to run the huge library of open source code. They also provide APIs for some game specific functions.

      Would Nintendo do the same? Any edge in performance would be negated by any restrictions associated with proprietary software. On the other hand, I'm sure that the open source community would greatly welcome either a Linux implementation (or documentation enabling an implementation) on the GameCube.

    • hey Mr. PHD, sure the clock rate is higher on your PPC, but where are your vector units?? Streams benchmark shows PS2 sucks vs a PC, but it's the vector units that shine. good luck duplicting a toshiba custom vlsi Emotion Engine with the hardware you've got on a Cube. No way to add a hard drive, no way to read an ISO disk or DVD... no built in LAN - how did you say your Cube was better suited to clusters?
    • At Nintendo, we've been excited about clustering applications of game consoles as well, and we've pursued a active program of research within our company.
      [snip!]
      Samir Gupta, Ph.D
      Head, New Technology Research Department
      Nintendo Co Ltd. Kyoto, Japan

      What I want to know is, how much resume spam do you get, now that you post on slashdot, saying(or perhaps claiming) you work for Nintendo's R&D? :-)

      • You were right to be suspicious of his alleged credentials. For example, check out this previous post:

        "At Nintendo, we've done a lot of research into uses of Nintendo consoles other than gaming, such as using it as a inexpensive terminal for Internet access, or more compellingly, education, and we have done preliminary work with various Laotian and others governmental bodies and NGOs to make games such as Super Marx Brothers and The Legend of Kaysone Phomvihan to teach Laotian youth in new and engaging dy

    • You don't exist (Score:4, Informative)

      by shepd ( 155729 ) <slashdot@org.gmail@com> on Saturday May 24, 2003 @12:26AM (#6029297) Homepage Journal
      At least not on the internet.

      Nein [google.ca] for google.

      One EXTREMELY LAME [google.ca] hit from deja. Surprisingly, the sig is identical.

      Until you show some credentials (as in a link to nintendo's site, with a page with AT LEAST your name on it), you don't exist.

      In fact, it appears your department doesn't exist [google.ca].

      Heck, where's your thesis, at least?

      I find it neat, though, that you went from being Head of New Technology Research at SEGA straight to being Head of New Technology Research at Nintendo. More amazing, though, is that both companies have exactly the same departments!

      More interesting:

      <sgupta@research.sega.jp>:
      Sorry, I couldn't find any host named research.sega.jp. (#5.1.2)

      Look, provide me a page at nintendo.co.jp with your name on it, and everything will be sorted out.

      Otherwise, this is:

      Bill Gates,
      Microsoft Founder
      Redmond

      Signing off.
  • by frankthechicken ( 607647 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:28PM (#6028669) Journal
    Dammit, so what the hell kind of results was Saddam getting with his 4000 Playstations [theregister.co.uk] then. Must have been a hell of a lot of emotion coming out of that goddamn cluster.
  • by djupedal ( 584558 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:29PM (#6028671)
    [bzzzzz.....bzzzzzzz....bzzzzz....click]
    Hello, this is ToysRUs, how may I direct your call, please?
    ... I'd like to speak to someone about buying some...umm... Sony PlayStations, thanks.
    Hello...this is the electronic games dept. What can I help you with?
    ... Yes, I need to purchase 100 Sony Playstation 2's...how many do you have in stock right now?
    Let me check. Hold on, please.
    Thank you for holding, Sir, we have 422 PS 2's in the back. Would you like those gift wrapped?

    ... No thanks...just put them aside, and we'll be down before closing time to pick them up, thanks.
    Thank you for calling ToysRUs! [click]
  • by voxel ( 70407 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:30PM (#6028679)
    Yes, the Xbox would be a wiser choice of hardware, even going with regular cheap PC hardware would be cheaper...

    IF you didn't care about having a vector unit.

    They used the PS2 to see what performance they could get out of the vector unit. A VCU can do matrix mathematics much faster than most CPU's can because almost all they work they do, they do in *ONE* clock cycle. Similar computations on a CPU could take hundreds. ... 300mhz.. 300 Matricie Operations per second.. Mmmm...

    - Jeff
  • by Danathar ( 267989 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:35PM (#6028705) Journal
    Here is a link to an abstract of what the grant is actually for... and a link to the actual award. It's good to see the governement paying attention

    https://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/servlet/showaward?a wa rd=0219597

    Abstract

    Game consoles, with price points below $300, performance rivaling or exceeding that of PCs, and graphics capabilities recently found only on high-end visualization supercomputers, are the vanguard of yet another computing generation . computing on toys. Moreover, market forces and fierce vendor competition (e.g., among Microsoft, Nintendo, and Sony) continue to fuel technical innovation and performance improvements on these game platforms, creating research and development incentives and deployment opportunities in new domains. This proposal outlines a research plan to assess the utility and performance of game systems for both scientific computing and high-resolution visualization. This assessment of game systems will be based on development of a suite of adaptive performance analysis tools that support both offline and online performance optimization and their application to a suite of scientific and visualization codes. This effort leverages proposed Red Hat and NCSA software enhancements to PlayStation2 Linux software. In addition we currently are negotiating with Sony to acquire and deploy a large PlayStation2 cluster at NCSA for experimental assessment and scientific visualization. Our computing on toys software research plan focuses on three areas: (a) offline, multilevel performance instrumentation of applications and system software, (b) online, adaptive selection of multi-version code execution, and (c) experimental assessment using large-scale scientific applications and visualization software. New hardware performance measurements, instrumented scientific and graphics libraries, and performance derivatives, all integrated with our SvPablo performance analysis infrastructure, will provide the requisite data to move iterative performance tuning from an ad hoc style to one based on intelligent feedback and suggestions. The offline version of this SvPablo extension will accept performance metrics from hardware, software, and library instrumentation and generates suggestions for tuning locations and options using a fuzzy logic rule base that embodies performance tuning suggestions for the Sony PlayStation2.
  • by mkro ( 644055 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:37PM (#6028710)
    A Xbox is cheaper than the PS2 (An Xbox is about $150, according to OSDN Pricewatch), comes with twice the amount of memory, ethernet, and instead of buying a $200 Linux kit, you pick up a flashable, legal* mod chip for $25-$50. How the Emotion Engine compares to the Xbox P733 I have no idea, but I can't imagine the EE is that much faster.
    Both The Xbox-Linux Project [sourceforge.net] and Gentoox [shallax.com] can provide you with a distro. For free.

    Even if you're not planning a cluster, this is a good deal for a low-performance work station, or just a "media box", using Xbox Media Player [xboxmediaplayer.de], which plays most (all?) popular media formats, both music and video.

    It's been repeated countles times that Microsoft are losing money on the console itself, and depend on the games to cover their expenses. Therefore, paying up for a Xbox and giving your money to MS isn't immoral as long as you don't buy any games.

    See, it's a win-win situation :)

    * I lost track of the current situation in the U.S., but in the free world (Read: Europe) at least the chips not using MS code is legal.
    • It's illegal to put linux on an Xbox. Why would somebody risk a lawsuit or god forbid a jail sentence to make a cluster?
  • by Ryu2 ( 89645 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @09:51PM (#6028771) Homepage Journal
    Since 3-D graphics essentially is comprised manupulating vectors very quickly, the Graphics processors found not only in the PS2, but the latest PC graphics cards are now essentially very fast stream-based vector processors, and can be readily harnessed for general-purpose scientific computation other than graphics: particle, cloth, fluid simulations. The GPU replaces the CPU for computation, and texture or other video memory, with its much higher bandwidth and lower latency than system ram, is used as a backing store for data.

    A lot of the GDC and SIGGRAPH 2003 papers focus not on graphics directly, but on scientific computations using the CPU. It's very cool, and if nVidia and ATI the like ever want to expand into a new market, they should build cards with multiple GPUs each, and sell them to the scientific community, or to non-realtime CG places like Pixar to accelerate their offline rendering.

    This page has a good summary of the current research going on to make GPUs do stuff other than graphics. http://wwwx.cs.unc.edu/~harrism/gpgpu/index.shtml [unc.edu]

    • by afidel ( 530433 ) on Friday May 23, 2003 @10:11PM (#6028864)
      The big problem with using PC graphics cards is that the memory bandwidth on the AGP bus leading back to the system is abysmal. I know several groups looked into this when the Geforce 3 came out and suddenly we had a high speed low cost programmable vector processor, the result was that unless your application could return relativly small datasets you weren't going to get much performance out of them. I think a PS2 would be similarly hampered by the small amount of ram available, not many interesting datasets would fit in it.
      • The newest ati's and nvidia's seem to have 256 MB of video ram which is 4x that of the ps2's complete ram. The speed of this ram is close to 10x faster then pc 2700 (currently the mainstream ddr333) as Nvidia indicates their ram moves 27 gig's of data per second. Also the new intel sprindale or whatever chipsets support 800 mhz fsb and dual channel ddr400. Compared to the ddr 266's availble then this is almost a 3x increase in overal system memory bandwidth... coupled with agp 8x we have at least 3x to 4
        • No, the point is that sending data from the video card to main memory is extremely slow. The video bandwidth is fast, as is the bandwidth TO the video card, but the bandwidth FROM the video card to main memory is almost non-existant, this is true even for AGP 8X as it is an extremely asymetric bus. From what I remember the bandwidth from the card to main memory on AGP 4X is actually slower than PCI 32bit 33Mhz.
  • by coupland ( 160334 ) * <dchaseNO@SPAMhotmail.com> on Friday May 23, 2003 @10:22PM (#6028910) Journal
    After all, everyone knows that console hardware is sold for a fairly significant loss, all the profit is in the licensing of titles. One on its own isn't much to sneeze at, but a cluser of 64? You get a fairly powerful cluster and Sony subsidizes your super-computer. Smart idea...
  • Nukees strip [nukees.com] on clustered PS2's.
  • by leejor ( 41648 ) on Saturday May 24, 2003 @12:05AM (#6029238)
    Reminds me of a nut case I met at a garage sale some 10 years ago. He was scavenging ZX80 Timex Sinclair in a effort to prove that clustered computing built around very cheap systems was the wave of the future.

    I also complained about how he had been an EE for IBM who was not appreciated for his genius. He was very worried that once he released his ZX80 FrankenCluster, IBM would steal it from him due to his old employment contract.

    Lee Joramo [joramo.com]
  • This is bullshit. (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward
    I've seen it over and over. General purpose hardware being used for specialised tasks. Yes it works ok and it's cheap, but so what? Video card GPUs can do this too, but you've only got on AGP slot. Refine it and go faster.

    What do you need? How about rack full of Custom PCBs each with a GF-FX or similar, with some RAM and a PCI-X backplane. The host can run a regular fast cpu and provide the interface. I'm sure Nvidia would jump at the chance to power a supercomputer with their chips.
  • Oh boy! (Score:2, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward
    65 nodes and it's still got jaggies!!
  • I would have thought you could avoid the need for the HDD etc. if you could boot a miniaml linux distro off an 8MB memory card, and use the CPU power of the EE along with NAS for data storage.

    Is this possible?

  • I've been wanting to get the Linux for PS2 package for a while now. But, the main reason I would want to, as I have a number of Linux boxes already, is to have Linux running on a shcweet HDTV I'm looking to buy. But, the Linux kit for PS2 only does sync on green and I don't know if regular/hdtvs usually do sync on green or sync on rgb. I'm loth to spend the $200 if the only way to run it is with a computer monitor...
  • by silvaran ( 214334 ) on Saturday May 24, 2003 @09:46AM (#6030461)
    Some people might need to use SSL while connecting to the playstation2-linux site, or you'll get a blank page:

    https://playstation2-linux.com [playstation2-linux.com]
  • Massive XBox cluster, subsidized by Microsoft
  • the gscube? sounds like what they wanted, plus a ton smaller. see it here [impress.co.jp]
  • Um. (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Niet3sche ( 534663 )
    Iraq did this in the summer of 2000 - they were using the PS2 (on pre-order, IIRC) and its graphics engine for -surprise!- missile guidance and telemetry.

    Old news. New company. Same story, really.

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